Artillery and firearms were decisive in the Battle of Varna (1444) against a Crusader force. The Ottoman Janissary corps became the best-trained infantry force in the world, and also the first gun corps to wear uniforms. The Ottomans used artillery during the reign of Bayazid I (1360–1403) in the sieges of Constantinople in 13. Thanks in large part to their acquisition of muskets, the Ottoman rulers were able to drive out the Timurids and reestablish their control of Turkey in 1414. ![]() ![]() ![]() The longest-lasting of the Gunpowder Empires, the Ottoman Empire in Turkey was first established in 1299, but it fell to the conquering armies of Timur the Lame (better known as Tamerlane, 1336–1405) in 1402.
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